
Michael Phelps 1st photo
"Money can’t buy happiness" is not a cliche when it comes to boosting morale around the office. In these uneasy times, when many entrepreneurs are pinching every penny, knowing how to reward employees without spending a lot is crucial.
"You can do things for employees that don’t cost anything, but are worth a million dollars,” says Bob Nelson, author of 1001 Ways to Reward Employees, now in its fifty-second printing. Better yet, "small businesses can do [these things] because they aren't constrained by a 500-page policy manual."
Stop fretting about not being able to shower your employees with cash, says Nelson, who runs a consulting company based in San Diego. For his doctoral dissertation, Nelson conducted a landmark survey of 2,400 employees in 34 companies.
Greenbacks are nice, of course, but barring those, Nelson discovered that most employees crave communication, involvement and autonomy. While a hearty pat on the back always feels good, extra attention and sense of ownership feel even better.
"Every employee should be given the chance to determine how best to do their jobs, as well as increased authority and leeway in the handling of company resources," says Nelson.
Arbill, a Philadelphia-based workplace-safety consultancy, takes that observation to heart. The company boosts morale by giving the troops more responsibility. "We created employee committees to do things like set up a health fair, a food co-op and other [projects]," says chief executive Julie Copeland.
But the extra work doesn't just make people feel good. "Watching how employees manage these committees helps us create a great bench of leaders for the company," says Copeland.
Taking an interest in your employees also means investing in their future. That's why training and development opportunities are energizing perks. Check out the local community colleges and university-extension departments for affordable classes, and foot part or all of the tuition for eager employees.
Company picnics? Chuck them. Employees don't care--in fact, they find them a burden. Better to grant the flexibility for personal time to handle family obligations. Four-day work weeks are becoming popular (though they come with their own complications). If possible, consider letting people work from home one day a week--with gas at $4 a gallon, that savings will feel a like a holiday bonus.
In a very small company, rewarding just one employee can make a huge difference. Take it from Sari Gabay-Rafiy and Anne Marie Bowler, two lawyers who left a large firm to start their own Manhattan practice two years ago.
When Myrna Greenfield, their 60-something, part-time legal assistant, was feeling a bit blue, the partners decided a makeover was in order. So, they booked an appointment at the Sparkle Beauty Studio, a trendy salon on Charles Street in Manhattan’s West Village.
Myrna left with a chic razor haircut and a smile on her face. After the salon visit, they continued their “girls’ day out” with cocktails and dinner. "We can’t give our staff thousands of dollars in bonus checks, but we can do little things for them," said Gabay-Rafiy.
Kathy Taggares, chief executive of K.T.’s Kitchens, a Carson, Calif.-based maker of frozen pizza and salad dressing, needed a cost-effective way to thank her overworked staff for winning a multi million-dollar grocery account. The previous year's glitzy, five-figure Los Angeles harbor cruise with open bar was too expensive to repeat, so she booked a nearby go-kart track for a Friday afternoon.
"We mixed up people from production, quality control and maintenance," she says. The drivers ranged from 20-something women to a 74 year-old manager; non-drivers got into the act as cheering "pit-crews." The afternoon ended with a feast of Mexican food and gooey cake served in the party room at the track. Price tag for the 35-person celebration: about $2,000.
"It was a great team-builder, because people from different departments are often at odds with each other," says Taggares, who handed out trophies to winning drivers. "You would have thought people were winning Oscars. Everybody was just thrilled."
Employers need to start planning for a looming workplace talent shortage as legions of baby boomers approach retirement, according to the Life Options Institute, a New York-based retirement planning group.
"The coming talent shortage may force employers to overcome their age bias and introduce new opportunities with which to utilize this powerful asset," Joan Strewler-Carter, the group's co-founder said in a statement.
That includes encouraging retirement-age workers to remain on staff on a part-time basis to help train new employees, Strewler-Carter said. She cited a Merrill Lynch Retirement Study released in 2006 that found a growing number of baby boomers were willing to work past retirement.
Baby boomers are currently the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. labor force, according to the Labor Department. By 2014, about 20 percent of the workforce will be made up of workers over 65, estimates show.
Among other challenges, Strewler-Carter said employers will have to learn to adapt to the different needs of working retirees in the years ahead.
Do you want to encourage extraordinary performance from your people? Do you want them to do great things?
If yes, then you must create an inspiring corporate culture that inspires, empowers and energizes them.
People do what they have to do for a manager, they do their best for an inspirational leader.
To inspire, you must both create resonance and move people with a compelling vision. You must embody what you ask of others, and be able to articulate a shared vision in a way that inspires others to act. You must offer a sense of common purpose beyond the day-to-day tasks, making work exciting, advises Steve Farber.
10 Roles of an Inspirational Leader
1. Provide an inspiring vision and strategic alignment, launch a crusade
2. Help people connect their personal goals to business goals
3. Make relentless innovation a religion
4. Encourage entrepreneurial creativity and experimentation
5. Involve everyone, empower and trust employees
6. Coach and train your people to greatness
7. Build teams and promote and teamwork, leverage diversity
8. Motivate, inspire and energize people, recognize achievements
9. Encourage risk taking
10. Make business fun
Business is starting to take off, and beyond the window is nothing but blue sky. Just one problem: you. Despite what your ego says, you probably aren't capable of piloting your small business to the next level.
That's why Stephen Lowit, co-founder of iSymmetry, handed the controls to someone who could. Back in 2005, after six years in business, the Alpharetta, Ga.-based IT-services firm had plateaued at about $20 million in revenues. That's when Lowit and his three partners, all family members, brought Bruce Culbert, a former senior executive at BearingPoint (nyse: BE - news - people ) and Salesforce.com (nyse: CRM - news - people ), on board--first as a consultant, then later as chief executive. Culbert, they believed, had the management chops to catapult the company to the $100 million mark.
Sure enough, Culbert shook up iSymmetry's organizational structure, eliminated redundant roles and focused Lowit on what he did best: dealmaking. "Now we have an outside shot at smashing $40 million in revenues already this year," says Lowit. "And that's just within 18 months."
In stepping aside, Lowit has plenty of illustrious company. Take Howard Schultz, founder of the now ubiquitous Starbucks (nasdaq: SBUX - news - people ) coffee chain. After an already scorching run, in 2000 Schultz handed the reins to Orin Smith, who managed to more than triple the number of locations to 8,500 before retiring in 2005. Web-auctioneer eBay (nasdaq: EBAY - news - people ) was ready for a public offering just three years after it launched in 1995, yet founder Pierre Omidyar was smart enough to know he couldn't take the company through the IPO and beyond. Enter CEO Meg Whitman, a Hasbro (nyse: HAS - news - people ) general manager who never even heard of eBay but who knew how to manage for growth. EBay's current market cap: $45 billion. And then there's Herb Kelleher, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (nyse: LUV - news - people ). After battling regulators to establish an industry iconoclast, Kelleher in 1978 installed Howard Putman, who tripled Southwest's revenues and profits in three years.
"Most entrepreneurs end up being in their own way, being stubborn and ignorant, not knowing what to do or what they don't know," says Murray Smith, founder of OneCoach, a Toronto-based consultant to start-ups.
Indeed, letting go is something that many entrepreneurs--often a controlling, egocentric lot--find hard to accept. "The biggest mistake founders often make is that they see their company as a way of getting in charge," says serial entrepreneur Treb Ryan, founder of OpSource, a Santa Clara, Calif., manufacturing-software outfit. "If you just want to be in charge, get an MBA and work your way up through an organization."
Then there's that whole nagging feeling of parental attachment. Last month, Adam Bold, founder of the Mutual Fund Store, an Overland Park, Kan.-based investment-advisory firm with 54 offices nationwide, turned the keys over to David Byers, a senior manager at H&R Block (nyse: HRB - news - people ). While Bold knew that stepping aside was the smart move if he ever wanted his firm to join the ranks of Fidelity and Merrill Lynch (nyse: MER - news - people ), he admits letting go was tough: "[The company] was my baby," he says. "I nurtured this thing from the very beginning."
Tougher still is finding good help. Of course you want someone with proven experience in managing growing companies, preferably those in your industry, but where to find those people?
Dave Driggers, founder of Verari Systems, a San Diego-based computer solutions firm, went shopping among the members of his advisory board. In order to take his $100 million (sales) company to $250 million, he knew he needed leadership in two key areas: sales-channel development and service support. David Wright, former chief of Amdahl, a supercomputer company, had joined Verari's board in late 2005 and had loads of marketing experience. By mid-2006, Wright became chief executive. The other comforting thing about the appointment, says Driggers: "It would have been much tougher to hand it over if David weren't already connected to the company."
The final challenge when stepping aside: Where do you go?
John Frank--founder of MetaCarta, which sells geographic search software--went back to what he did best: technology. After hiring a new chief executive in 2003, Frank got out of management completely and plunged back into improving the company's mapping solutions. He also enrolled in graduate school and worked out of a field office in Washington State, far from the headquarters in Cambridge, Mass.
"If you don't find some way to step out deliberately, you can't emotionally let go," Frank says. "The thing to figure out is which decisions I still really have to be there for."
“Organizing to innovate” is no small task. It goes beyond providing one team with resources and autonomy to pursue a specific idea. It is about creating an environment in which carefully chosen resources can reliably examine, prioritize and develop an array of new growth opportunities.
It is also important to note that “organizing to innovate” is different from “organizing for research and development.” Innovation goes beyond research and development. A properly structured innovation engine considers new business models, creative financing approaches, unique partnership strategies and, of course, more traditional technology levers.
Is your business about to be torpedoed by a "disruptive attacker?" Click here to stay ahead of the curve with Clayton Christensen's Strategy & Innovation newsletter.
There are innumerable ways to organize to innovate. At one extreme you have Procter & Gamble's (nyse: PG - news - people ) FutureWorks division, a fully staffed team that is chartered with identifying, developing and seeding new growth platforms for the corporation. At the other extreme, you have the Learning & Development unit within agrochemical giant Syngenta (nyse: SYT - news - people ). The small unit’s goal is to build the innovative and leadership qualities of the company’s executives and managers. Large companies oftentimes--appropriately--have multiple innovation structures working simultaneously.
Our belief is that there is no one-size-fits-all way to organize for innovation. Rather, in order to pick the most appropriate structure (or structures), companies need to assess the strategic goals of their innovation structure and the degree to which active management is required to achieve those goals.
Picking a Strategic Goal
The mission of an innovation unit may encompass all, or only a piece of, the overall innovation activity in a company. Some units simply enhance the “innovative mindset” of an organization. Others seed the broader organization with good ideas. Still others drive the organization’s growth and profitability. In essence, however, senior management can choose to pursue one of four fundamental goals.
1. Stimulate innovation by broadening awareness and building skills. Companies that choose this path typically believe that their organization has the right basic infrastructure to support innovation. However, they believe that managers and teams need help solving practical innovation problems, developing new mindsets or gaining exposure to important external developments.
2. Shepherd innovation by championing innovation efforts and removing obstacles that would otherwise limit the potential for innovative ideas to succeed. This is a more hands-on approach that helps to nurture and safeguard innovative efforts but still relies on the rank and file to drive individual initiatives.
3. Spearhead innovation by providing the resources and environment to take ideas from concept to commercialization. This more resource-intensive approach seeks to build new growth initiatives. Companies that follow this approach generally believe that “business as usual” won’t allow them to meet their innovation objectives.
4. Source innovation by borrowing, acquiring or participating in innovative efforts outside the organization. Companies that choose this path do so because they wish to participate in innovative efforts well outside of their core, see little promise of internal innovation or are looking for ways to augment internal efforts without distracting the core.
Social networking online seems to be exploding: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Digg, and so on. When I ask how these sites can help my business, the answers can be vague. I am trying to relate it to face-to-face networking, which includes sharing ideas, information, and resources with other businesses. Are these sites useful for those goals? There is only so much time in my day and I need to use it effectively. —B.H., Scarborough, Me.
You are correct that social networking is a rapidly growing, headline-grabbing phenomenon. The question for entrepreneurs is how to tap into this trend as a business opportunity, rather than simply a way to connect—or reconnect—with people, says Peter Delgrosso, strategic vice-president for corporate communications with Web.com (WWWW).
"For the most part, these social networking sites should be viewed as complementary to your online presence. Think of it as a nice-to-have, not a must-have," he says. "When used properly, it is something that can gain your business some attention. However, you need to realize it shouldn't be seen as a replacement to your traditional online presence."
Greg Sterling, of Sterling Market Intelligence, considers social network sites primarily for meeting people, asking for advice or referrals and, carefully, doing online marketing. The uses vary by application or site, he notes: "Sites such as LinkedIn can be helpful in connecting with people you want to meet for one reason or another. Twitter and Facebook can be helpful when you're trying to notify a group of people about something you want to promote or about a happening of some kind."
Find Your Networking Niche
Take a few minutes—it doesn't have to be extensive—to look over the top sites and experiment to see what works for you. Even an hour or two a week can help you figure out which sites you like best and are most effective for your particular business. "The viral nature of social networking is quite extraordinary and something that can garner a lot of attention to your efforts in a hurry," Delgrosso says.
He thinks the best site for both networking and human resources purposes is LinkedIn. "The site requires some résumé creation, then offers the opportunity to link in to other like-minded professionals. When used selectively, it can be a very powerful tool for identifying new business partners, new employees, or simply building your personal or business presence," he says.
For gaining exposure to larger audiences, he recommends Facebook: "Consider establishing or joining a network on Facebook based on your business or industry category to tap into people's affinity for the topic. By doing this, you'll cut through the clutter and clearly establish your niche, keeping the interaction focused on the specific subject matter."
Rick Julian, CEO and chief creative officer of Quo Vadis, a startup brand communications agency, says he's getting a positive return on his investment from using social media sites for the past year. "It puts a human face on your business and allows people to get an impression of what a relationship with you would be like. When all things remain equal, people want to work with people they think they'll have an interesting relationship with," Julian says.
His firm is represented on five major social networking sites, including YouTube (GOOG) and his blog, and a couple of smaller ones.
"Geometric Extension" and Search Optimization
It sounds like a full-time job, but Julian points out that you can cut and paste some of your content from site to site. "If I put up a YouTube video to create awareness, I might have some discussion on YouTube with the responders and then also put it on my blog, on my Facebook company page, and promote a link to it on Twitter. Just by generating that single asset, I've populated all those networks with content without having to come up with an original piece of content for each of them. There's a geometric extension of your reach," he says.
Robert Jenson, CEO of the Las Vegas-based realty firm the Jenson Group, takes a strictly corporate approach to social networking. "Rather than blogging stream-of-consciousness opinions or using the venue as a diary of sorts, I educate visitors on important, universal industry matters. I try my utmost to ensure the content I post is not just applicable and of interest to those in Las Vegas, where I operate, but also to any real estate consumer nationwide," he says.
He puts bylined articles he's written on his own blog and on social networking sites and uses them to establish his credibility as a real estate expert. "This serves as a 'risk reliever' for both prospective consumers and business affiliates, while also increasing my chances for media coverage by establishing myself as a reliable expert source," Jenson says.
Last, but definitely not least, is the value of social networking sites to search engine optimization (BusinessWeek, 6/20/08). The more sites that include your name and link back to your Web site or blog, the higher your profile rises in search engines, where more and more of your customers are likely to find you, Jenson says.